Circa 105

The pyramids of Egypt, all monumental tracks that we inherited the antiquity Egyptiens, including the three Big Pyramids of Giza, are the two the most impressive and more emblematic one of this civilization.

The tombs of kings, the queens and the principal faces of the State, of which the construction dates for the vast majority at first of old Egypt, the hosts in rock in pyramid form one or the more internal rooms connected by the corridors.

The Big Pyramid of Giza, constructs by Cheops, is part of the seven prodigies of the antiquity.

Pyramid Mastabas

Mastaba, the almost rectangular building, was the burial of leaders of the Old Kingdom.

The reasons for the passage of mastabas that the pyramids clearly are not established, but it generally refers himself to the desire to attain more and more important heights to show importance and the strength of the pharaoh deceased. The first mastabas, Only the step, evolved first to mastabas two floors to suit new funerals of structures, the first one is not so wide and high as the first one.

With the beginning OF the Third Dynasty (about -2700 to -2600), the mastabas became pyramids say degrees, solid in several successive steps with the general form of a gigantic stairway "rising towards the sky. The first and most of the pyramids celebrate to these levels are the pyramid Djeser to Saqqara, that was the Imhotep of architect. Imhotep wanted to construct a pyramid climb degrees, as a gigantic stairway towards the sky to symbolize the ascension of the deceased of the "the underground world" to the "sky".

Between the degrees of pyramid and the faces of smooth pyramid. The rhomboid pyramid is a pyramid of which the faces are sections smooth to a slope descending of the slopes towards the summit. The non-uniformity of the slope could be explained by difficulties lives architectural-à-vis pyramid stability (the original one soaks also the slope) or his construction method (the delivery blocks until a certain height. ..) the difficulties in the provision (the careers, the work, the geopolitical position), or a geometric voluntary one.

This pyramid type is the final step takes to the final step of the evolution of the pyramids in Egypt to the pyramids with the faces smooth Fourth Dynasty (about -2573 to -2454); among the most famous one are the pyramids of pharaohs Cheops, Chefren and Mykerinos, Giza to Cairo.
Construction

The pyramids show for their time, the general culture of Egyptian engineers able to attain such monuments with very rudimentary. There are a lot of theories of the method of construction of pyramids but the Egyptian specialists generally consent on a lot of points.

Most of the pads in rock were cut in the careers close to the construction site. Of others were imported South with the huge rafts. The pads then were placed on the sleds and carried the arm force to their location.

The pyramids not all are steps constructed in the even forms. There are four principal forms of pyramids:

The degrees of pyramid: the stairway in pyramid form, at first a layering of different basic mastabas. For example, the pyramid Djeser that has six rows, has a height of 60 meters for a basis of 109 meters x 121 meters. The bricklaying slicees, leaned 16 degrees of vertical one measure 2.60 meters.

Pyramid rhomboid: the pyramid two airplanes having tendency, the one of the bottom even in the middle of the building (58 ° the slope), the other towards the edge (43 ° 22 '). This slope failure because of an error of recognition of Architects.

The slope of pyramid pyramid just with four straight walls, covered with well to give limestone them a smoother appearance. The Giza represents the perfection in this field. The pyramid of Cheops was high of 146 meters (currently 138 meters) for a basis of 230 meters and a slope of 51 ° 50 '. Chefren That of a slope of 53 degrees for a height of 143.50 meters and a disgusting 215 meters. As for that of Mykerinos, it measured 66 meters in the height for a basis of 105 meters and a slope of 51 ° 20 '.

The sarcophagus in pyramid form despite some brands the designating as the pyramids, we think that these mausoledes are not.

Mysteries and fantasies

Traditionally, these buildings in massive rocks excited the people imagination. The principal reason can be that rarely in the human history, the elements that allowed their buildings meet again: an Omnipotent theocratic strength, a rich one in country and prospers, a hand d 'the big work, a hotel developed extremely and a big empirical knowledge. In these circumstances that it rewards more to contemplate these civilizations "the prodigies," to assign them an extraordinary origin to admit its own limitations.

The TEN neuvieme century being born Egyptian puts more questions than it could furnish responses, the modern myths filled quickly the hole that she had left. It will take a lot of years to Egyptologists to break down these myths one to one, but nevertheless they always are living and well in the contemporary culture.

What remains of "mysteries" are in fact only of the questions do not reply nevertheless unanimous. These include: so there are hidden rooms in the pyramid of Cheops (with the "treasures" that they can contain), the construction of exact protocol of the pyramids (when it was alone), the period Demands the construction, or the symbolism that was these monuments to the eyes of their builders.