Orient Expressed Children's Clothing

ECHANGES INTERGENERATIONNELS: An ETUDE OF PERSONS AGEES AND THEIR CHILDREN EPOUSES

ECHANGES INTERGENERATIONNELS:

An ETUDE OF PERSONS AGEES AND THEIR CHILDREN EPOUSES

Dr. Anupam Bahri

INTRODUCTION:

The link of parent child is a continuum of emotional support that lasts a time of life of the two, the parent and the offspring. This bipolar and linear interaction can vary in the frequency, the quality and the type depend on the age, the interests and needs of the two generations. During early childhood the relation between the parent and the child is constant and principally one-way, because the children are extremely dependent on their parents for the support. During the adolescence, this interaction declines in the frequency and becomes more reciprocal as the two generations tend to influence itself by the conflict or the agreement. Relation the most probably does is characterized by the conflict on the values, the convictions and the behavior (Alpert and Richardson, 1980). Then these same children establish finally their own families and begin testing interactions of the parental perspective the relation with their own parents can diminish more in the quantity and the quality as the new ones ask are placed on them. At last as the new ones ask between the ripe age and the old growing parents, interaction can increase especially if the elderly parent becomes more and more depending on an adult child. In this position relation becomes again principally linear, but in the opposite direction that is, of that of the adult children. More of assistance is given to the parents, especially in comparison with the medical services. Nevertheless, there can be a development of continual exchange, cultural social and economical in the two directions, although if the direction is the parent to the child or the child to the parent can depend on the social one- the economical statute of the two generations.

In the family there are the physical, emotional, economical and social resources that can be exchanged in a mass or reciprocal manner, depend on the need of the parent or generation child. The mass exchanges tend to be current and represents generally a flow descending assistance of the oldest generation to the youngest generation because of a direction of responsibility and of affection (Moore, 1966). The reciprocal exchange or a two flows in a manner is the most common one among the central generations and older, especially among the average class. Johnson and Bursk (1977) found that 93 percent of the elderly persons in the study, that had adult children, were engaged in a reciprocal model of exchange.

This exchange process implied of ordinary one of the services as to do the babysitting, and/or to care for the babies that is their grandchildren, counsel, the races, household discussion, the gifts as money, the clothing, the devices, and the bills of air or train for the visits or the interaction in the form of a face to do facing visits, telephone calls or of the. The form and the exchange frequency vary strong among the families and are influenced by a number of social factors. These include residential proximity, social class, the sex of the children, their clean race and their own ethnicity just like that of the children, the age of the environment and the oldest generations and the degree of filial maturity date (that growing the worry of the parents in the years of the environment: Blenkner, 1965). more more bigger spread it to which the elderly parents live in the proximity to the children, more more bigger the probability to visit and exchange the items or the services.

Classify differences in the frequency and the exchange type was found in a lot of studies (the Troll and Bengtson, 1979; Neugartan 1979; Dentelled and Hendricks, 1980). Shanas (1967), in a study of models of assistance of family among roughly 25,000 more than 65 people major years in Great Britain, Denmark and the United States, found that the members of social every class were engaged in the reciprocal assistance. Nevertheless, since the family size, living of arrangements, the values of family and the economical position varied by the social class, the quantity, the form and the frequency of assistance mutual insurance company varied also. The studies showed that similar travaillantae"les of class are more probable to exchange services; that the average class is more probable to expose models of mass exchange of the oldest one to the youngest generations. This reciprocity form is more common among the class worker and there is more face to do facing the interaction among the class worker. Among them more telephones there and marks the writing among the average class because of the bigger mobility, social and geographic.

A marked difference in the sex exchange also was observed in the relations of family exchange. The sons perceived helping often older parents as an instrumental act results from a duty to reimburse a past debt, while a girls, because of the attach girl of online, expressive mother and of long date, the perceived assistance as an expressive one, the act that they wanted to or needed to execute. Consequently, the sons generally furnished the more financial assistance and took frequently decisions of the care of the parents. The girls always seemed to be almost the primary caregivers (Horowitz, 1981). This can be also because the women are more probable to play the traditional nourishing role, because the relation of mother girl is strengthened during the adult years, especially after the girl became mother and divide subsequent has intervened for the care of the small one one (Fischer, 1981). Marshall et.al., (1982) found that the girls are concerned with health parental if that does more of the sons. In a manner interesting enough it this is the health of the father that produces more worry and the worry than that of mother.

Perspective of elderly parents, they it appears that principally offers the financial assistance to the sons and the services to the girls. Nevertheless, there is the big variations of interfamily, depend on the class and on the individual interest of the parents. Themselves they always are employed, the youngest grandparents can have or the time for or the interest in to execute meeting of baby or the other roles of service care giving. Consequently, they can replace this personal assistance with the loans or the money gifts.

Another factor influencing the type and the frequency of exchange and of assistance are the direction of filial responsibility or testing the filial maturity date. This represents the range to which the adult children feel obliged themselves to reply to the basic needs of their parents aging. While the family is an important source of assistance and the support for the elderly persons, the hopes of the parents and the children as for what should be done are able or cannot coincide. The chronological age of the children can determine their charms to help or react mutually with their parents. The adult children with the very old parents could be taken the retirement and have also their economical clean and health worries. Therefore, they can be less capable or doing to help their parents aging and can tend to abdicate certain of their filial responsibility to the public or to the social private service agencies (Gelfand et.al., 1978).

Perspective of the parents aging, the hopes for the filial responsibility seem to be higher with the age growing among the female ones and among the widowed or divorced, themselves they have few economical resources, if health fails and if their general level of satisfaction of morale or life is low (Seelback, 1977, 1978; Seelback and Sauer, 1977). In runs, the perception of filial responsibility can influence the interaction models in the later years, where hopes differ, family solidarity is weakened, the evident conflict is visible and public agencies or private social could be demanded to fill the emptiness to visit, the services of health and household.

Most of research set up itself on the type and on the exchange frequency between the parents aging and on the adult children. The quantity instead of the quality were the central worry. Johnson and Bursk (1977) and Johnson (1978) found that the relation quality is influenced by health, financial situation and of lodging of the elderly persons and by the attitudes to their experience aging personal. The level of the affects was higher when the parents were in the good health and the positive sensations held of their process aging personal. They noted also as there was the interaction of more of quality in relation when the parents were socially active outside the extended family. The studies on the old age are at India still in their first childhood as most of the studies were directed in the years 60, or the efforts were let the problems of old people explore. Later, in the specialists of the social sciences of years 70 and years 80 converged the attention on the problems as the statute and the role of old people in the rural or urban communities and their adjustment in the old age. As by the Indian studies Mishra (1987) in his directed study on the public male retired sector agents in Chandigarh found a direct link and a positive correlation between the conditions of health and their subsequent adjustment. Poor health takes often to the redefinition of the range of their parental role. Poor health takes to more of assistance of the adult offspring and it contributes also significantly to the negative one feeling automatically.

In the other studies directed by Jamuna (1984, 1987, 1988,1989, 1990,1991), Jumna and Ramamurti (1984, 1989) and Asha and Subramaniam (1990) the major problems like that the adjustment models, the activities of role and the acceptance besides the communication of husband woman was examined in detail. They found that as the process aging continues, it let several changes enter for the individual from the viewpoint of to play role and adjustments to be done to the various steps. It demands adjustments to changeable relations of authority and the difference, to the positions of changeable health, the problems inter-intergednedrationnelles, the relations between the spouses, as the so economical, social and psychological, following problems positions to the "gone out" as the death and as the mourning. All these call the adjustment between the individual aging and the other members of the family just like the community. Take an index of the studies of research directed in the sector and to fill the gap in to exist it student the researcher in the present study attempted to set up itself on the exchange quality instead of the quantity of exchange among the elderly parents and their married children in the form of an exchanges intergednedrationnels.

PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE:

(I) to explore the range of interpersonal exchanges between the elderly persons and their married children with respect to the exchange more personal, more consultative and more financial.

(II) to discover how the interpersonal removed exchanges influence the well-being of the elderly persons.

METHODOLOGIE:

The study place was Chandigarh; as among the territories of states and union of India, Chandigarh had the highest rate of growth of the aged and the city generally was known as took it the retirement of the paradise of the men.

Chandigarh was planned as an administrative capital for the state of Pendjab in 1951, and emerged progressively as one of the bigger and more significant one of the new cities in India. The first project of master was prepared in 1949 by the American business of Mayer, Stupidly and Glass in the association with the young Architect Mathew Nowicki brilliant. Nevertheless, Nowicki is dead in an air accident in 1950 while to return to the United States and the new city had his first back. Albert Mayer was the heart broken and refused to continue the initial project, that was later on improved by The corbusier.

The corbusier considered the city project as a biological phenomenon and according to him it has a brain, a heart, a lung and a feet as a human are: the this is on this analogy that the city of Chandigarh was planned to the north remains the complex capital understands Secretariat, the High Court, the Legislative Assembly that constitutes the head, the center city represents the heart Important arteries, that Madhya Marg (V2-station) and Janpath (V2-captial). The road network for the circulation and the sidewalks for the pedestrians constitute the circulation system. The parks spacieux and green belts that run by the city use the lungs. The Industrial Sector to the university of Is and Panjab to the West represents the members, the old one to fill the materialist one and the latest the witty needs of the city.

The study universe was aged it that lived together with their married children in Chandigarh. To identify this universe the Office of the Commissioner of Election, localized in the sector 17, was approached. Using the President, the Commission of Election, the researcher could prepare a list sector wise of elderly voters that lived with their married children. In all there was 11,826 such case. Since the population of more than 60 elderly persons living together with the married children in Chandigarh was very high and they equally were not distributed in the different sectors, therefore it was decided to follow a sampling procedure to several floors.

To begin with, depending on the force of this population in all the 47 sectors (excluding the Colonies and the Industrial Sector I introduces and II of Phase), the sectors were arranged in descend order. To know cutting the point that split the sectors in two equal, every halves to have fifty percent of the population, the cumulative frequency was calculated, that took out to be 4, 24, 413 and then divided by two, know mi-point that was 2, 12, 206. The division point remains between the sector 35 and 41 (sees Annexure I). Twelve sectors were above the cutting the point and thirty five were at the under of him. Two sectors was chosen at random using the table of random number of the first half (the sector 20 and 22) and three sectors of the second half (the sector 42, 19 and 7). The household list obtained thus and was considered the framework of sampling of that the samples do at random of households were chosen proportionnedment; the news were mustered elderly parents and their married children with that they remained together in the households choose. Of this manner the researcher could choose 198 households in 5 different sectors for which a sample of 343 elderly and 198 households in 5 different sectors for which a sample of 343 elderly and 198 children were interviewed. The distribution sector wise of the elderly persons and their married children is given to the under.

The table 1- The distribution sector wise of elderly persons and their married children.

Sectors

Total no of Households

The elderly persons remaining with their married children

The elderly persons chose

The married children chose

The households chose

7

165

270

54

33

33

19

160

265

53

32

32

20

255

470

94

51

51

22

240

435

87

48

48

42

170

275

55

34

34

T0tal

990

1715

343

198

198

The exchange intergednedrationnel was studied while taking in the consideration the type and the exchange range that intervenes among the elderly persons and their married children. The exchange variables were articulated in three parties receiving, give, the reception and give. Every party was studied of three dimensions called more financial, more personal and more consultative. The financial reception includes the bill payment, the needs of essential element, the items of luxury and the types received etc. The personal assistance includes helps it in the light and the heavy household, the laundry soap, the races of grocery store, the kitchen, running races, repairing things, helping everywhere in the house in the transportation, the assistance in the disease, the assistance in to restore house. In the consultative assistance they received the assistance in to annoy problems of life, as to run the house, and the questions of money or matters. While to give the financial assistance that the researcher has incluse the payment of bills, the needs of essential element, the items of luxury and give the types etc. Personally they helped with the races running, taking care of the small children, especially when someone was the sick counsel and giving on the life problems, running the house, bring the children, besides the work questions oriented.

Well-being was measured with two cognitive and emotional components.

(I) In the cognitive dimension that the researcher asked the questions likes the that the things obtained better with the age growing, the very dear time of their lives, happier when they were younger and better years of their lives etc.

(II) In the emotional measures that such questions like 'why most of the things that you done bother' 'the sensations of monotonous one', 'you feel old and tired', 'the project things for the future' etc.

Results:

To prospect the entire range of exchanges that the researcher reconsidered the of three levels more personal, more consultative and more financial.

A separated table was done to measure the personal assistance among the elderly persons and their married children using the questions as mentioned earlier. The following table clarifyes the forms of personal exchange between the elderly persons and their married children.

Personal assistance:-

The elderly persons prefer to receive of ordinary one helps it for the personal care, every chores of day and the other continuous needs of the members of close family. For example, the parents age that believes that their children would give the assistance if the need presents has itself psychological better is although those that are less certain of this than their response of the spring would be (Blieszner and Hamon; 1992). The following table will evaluate the personal given assistance or received by the elderly parents and their married children.

The table 2 - The personal exchange among the elderly persons and their married children.

Personal assistance

Elderly persons

Married children

Help giving

27(7,9)

70(35,4)

Help reception

126(36,7)

15(7,6)

Give and Reception

190(55,4)

113(57,0)

Total

343(100)

198(100)

While basing itself on the table analysis it was found that 7.9 percent of the elderly persons as in comparison of 35.4 percent of married children gave the personal assistance. As against this 36.6 percent of elderly persons and only 7.6 percent of married children received the assistance. In case of nevertheless to give and the reception 55.4 percent of elderly persons and 57 children of percent showed their personal interdependence on every other.

Consultative assistance:-

The interactions with the plug of children affects it events and of upsetting positions, the emotional offer food and the affirmation of an identity, produce the necessary assistance, the assistance time is structured in the significant manners, and furnish the continuity in the important roles. Even these manners are very dependent on every other for the care and the personal assistance can exchange with affection, the company and the counsel. The following table details the consultative assistance given by the elderly persons and their married children.

The table 3 - The consultative exchange among the elderly persons and their married children.

Consultative assistance

Elderly persons

Married children

Help giving

100(29,2)

56(28,3)

Help reception

98(28,6)

59(29,8)

Give and reception

145(42,3)

83(41,9)

Total

343(100)

198(100)

Of Table 3 it can be summarized that 29.2 percent of the elderly persons and 28.3 percent of married children gave the consultative assistance to every other. On the other hand 28.6 percent of the elderly persons and 29.8 percent of the married children received the assistance. The it was nevertheless noticed that 42.3 percent of the elderly persons just like 41.9 percent of the married children the two gave and received the consultative assistance of every other. It proved again their interdependence.

Financial assistance:-

The following table clarifyes the forms of financial assistance between the elderly persons and their married children.

The table 4 - The financial exchange among the elderly persons and their married children.

Financial assistance

Elderly persons

Married children

Help giving

104(30,3)

56(28,3)

Help reception

87(25,4)

59(29,8)

Give and reception

152(44,3)

83(41,9)

Total

343(100)

198(100)

The it was clear of the Table 4 that almost 30.3 percent of the elderly persons as in comparison of 28.3 percent of married children gave the assistance. Against this 29.8 percent of married children as in comparison of 25.4 percent of elderly persons received helps it financial. It was found that 41.9 percent of elderly persons and 44.3 percent of married children the two gave and received the financial assistance of every other that showed their interdependence.

The general level of interdependence:-

To verify if the elderly persons were considered as a good or a burden by their married children a general analysis of assistance more financial, more personal and more consultative was executed. For these three categories do depending, independent and interplanetary. The following Table shows spread it to which the elderly persons were considered as the good or the burden by the married children just like the level of their dependance on every other.

Postpone 5 - the General level of interdependence of elderly persons and their married children.

Interdependence level

Elderly persons

Married children

Depending

104(30,3)

45(22,7)

Independent

77(22,5)

57(28,8)

Interplanetary

162(47,2)

96(48,5)

Total

343(100)

198(100)

Postpone 5 spectacles that 30.3 percent of elderly persons and 22.7 percent of married children depended on every other. Nevertheless 22.5 percent of the elderly persons and 28.9 percent of their married children was independent. As against these, 47.2 percent of elderly persons and 48.5 percent of the married children showed their interdependence on every other. If the this is very clear that the majority of elderly persons just like of married children is inter-dedpendante on every other.

The table 6 ae" Well being of elderly persons and their married children.

Cognitive

Elderly persons

Married children

Low level

51 (14,8)

41 (20,7)

Average

90 (26,2)

121 (61,1)

High

202 (59,0)

36 (18,2)

Emotional

Low level

121 (35,4)

26 (12,9)

Average

137 (39,7)

42 (21,2)

High

85 (24,9)

130 (65,9)

On all good- Etre

Low level

86 (25,1)

34 (17,2)

Average

114 (33,2)

83 (41,9)

High

143 (41,7)

81 (40,9)

Total

343 (100)

198 (100)

The Table 6 combs that the elderly persons were comparatively more able to appreciate is well in the life than their married children. The elderly persons had emotional average well being while the married children were high on emotional well-being. The analysis indicates that the two are high on is well children to the ladder while married that were them small more on the average side. The this can be because of the new challenges and the new problems in the life of the of younger generation.

The general picture that emerges from these concludes that the majority of elderly parents just like their married children the two gave and received the assistance more financial, more personal and more consultative of every other. Nevertheless, to give it and the assistance reception are not on the foundation of equal one in every category. Who-if-never is sturdy gives and the other receives the assistance. This shows cordial relations of the family.

To know that the effect of the level of general interdependence on the well-being of the aged tabulate and upset was done and verify the precision of the Table the test of Lambda was applied.

Postpone 7: Cognitive well being and the personal assistance among the elderly persons.

The cognitive Personal assistance

Low level

Average

High

Total

Give

26(50,9)

(96,3)

1(3,7)

(1,1)

0

27(100)

Reception

7(5,6)

(1,4)

86(68,3)

(95,6)

33(26,2)

(16,3)

126(100)

Give and the reception help

18(9,5)

(35,3)

3(1,6)

(3,3)

169(88,9)

(83,7)

190(100).

Total

51

(100)

90

(100)

200

(100)

343

Lambda-0.6

The it is clear of Table 7 that a big majority of the elderly persons that the two gave and received the personal assistance were high on their level of cognitive well-being. The elderly persons that received the personal assistance had average cognitive well-being. On the other hand, the elderly persons that gave the personal assistance cognitive, low well-being and had. The analysis of the Table of the side of row envisions the same results. The value of the lambda took out to be 0.6 that showed the very high association between cognitive well-being and the personal assistance.

The table 8 : Cognitive well-being and consultative assistance among the elderly persons.

The cognitive Consultative assistance

Low level

Average

High

Total

Give

46(46,0)

(90,2)

3(3,0)

(3,3)

51(51,0)

(25,2)

100(100)

Reception

1(1,0)

(1,9)

87(88,8)

(96,7)

10(10,2)

(4,9)

98(100)

Give and reception

4(2,8)

(7,8)

0

141(97,2)

(69,8)

145(100)

Total

51(100)

(100)

90

(100)

202

(100)

343

Lambda-0.6

Postpone 8 spectacles that the majority of the elderly persons (96,7) with the level of average well-being received the consultative assistance as in comparison of the elderly persons (90,2) with the level of low well-being that gave the consultative assistance. More than the half of the elderly persons (69,8) that the two gave and received the consultative assistance of their married children were high on their cognitive well-being. The side of row of the table shows the same results. The value of Lambda took out to be 0.06 that showed a very high association between cognitive well-being and the consultative exchange

The table 9 - Cognitive well-being and financial assistance among the elderly persons.

The cognitive Financial assistance

Low level

Average

High

Total

Give

49(47,1)

96.1)

19(18,3)

(21,1)

36(34,6)

(17,8)

104(100)

Reception

2(2,3)

(3,9)

69(79,3)

(76,7)

16(18,4)

(7,9)

87(100).

Give and reception

0

2(1,3)

(2,2)

150(98,7)

(74,3)

152(100,0)

Total

51

(100)

90

(100)

202

(100)

343

Lambda- 0.5

Postpone 9 expositions that the majority of the elderly persons that the two gave and received the financial assistance were high on cognitive well-being. More than the half of the elderly persons that received the financial assistance had average levels of cognitive well-being as in comparison of these elderly persons (less than half) that gave the financial assistance were low on their well-being level. The analysis of the table of the side of row shows the same results. Lambda was applied to verify the association, his value took out to be 0.5 that shows a high association itself. Thus it can be concluded that cognitive well-being directly is related with the financial assistance extended by the elderly persons.

Postpone 10 - Emotional Well-being and personal assistance among the elderly persons

The emotional Personal assistance

Low level

Average

High

Total

Give

25(92,6)

(20,7)

1(3,7)

(0,7)

1(3,7)

(0,7)

27(100)

Reception

69(64,3)

(66,9)

49(27,8)

(41,2)

8(7,9)

(7,3)

126(100)

Give and reception

27(7,9)

(66,9)

35(25,8)

57.6)

128(66,3)

(92,0)

190(100)

Total

121 (100)

85 (100)

137 (100)

343

Lambda-0.4

The au-dessus to postpone spectacles that the majority of the elderly persons (92,0) with the high emotional well-being the two gave and received the personal assistance of their married children. The elderly persons (66,9) with low emotional well-being received the personal assistance. The analysis of the table of the row spectacles lateral that the elderly persons (92,6) that gave the personal assistance were low on their level of emotional well-being as compared to the elderly persons (66,3) that the two gave and received the personal assistance and were high on their level of emotional well-being. The premeditated value of lambda took out to be 0.4 that shows the high association between emotional well-being and the personal assistance among the elderly parents and their married children.

The table 11 - Emotional well-being and Consultative Assistance among the elderly Persons.

The emotional Consultative assistance

Low level

Average

High

Total

Give

80(80,0)

(66,1)

5(5,0)

(5,9)

15(15,0)

(10,4)

100(100)

Reception

19(19,4)

(15,7)

72(73,5)

(84,7)

7(7,1)

(5,1)

98(100)

Give and reception

22(15,2)

(18,2)

8(5,5)

(9,4)

11579.3)

(83,9)

145(100)

Total

121(100)

85(100)

137(100)

343

Lambda-0.6

Postpone 11 spectacles that the majority of the elderly persons with the high emotional well-being the two gave and received the consultative assistance of their married children. The elderly persons with low emotional well-being gave the consultative assistance as compared to the elderly persons with average well-being that received the consultative assistance. The analysis of the table of the side of row concludes the same results. The value of lambda took out to be 0.6 that showed the very high association between emotional well-being and the consultative assistance.

The table 12 - Emotional well-being and Financial assistance among the elderly Persons.

The emotional Financial assistance

Low level

Average

High

Total

Give

99(95,2)

(81,8)

2(1,9)

(2,4)

3(2,9)

(2,2)

104(100)

Reception

17(19,5)

14.0)

65(74,7)

(76,5)

5(5,7)

3.6)

87(100)

Give and reception

5(3,3)

(4,2)

18(11,8)

21.0)

129(84,9)

(94,2)

152(100)

Total

121

85

137

343

Lambda-0.7

Postpone 12 spectacles that a big majority of the elderly persons (94,2) with the high effective well-being the two gave and received the financial assistance of their married children. The elderly persons (81,8) with low well-being gave the financial assistance and the elderly persons (76,5) with average well-being received the financial assistance. The side of row of the table envisions the same results. The premeditated value of lambda was 0.7 that shows the high association between emotional well-being and the financial assistance.

The table 13 - Cognitive well-being and general interdependence among the elderly persons.

Cognitive

Usually

interdependence

Low level

Average

High

Total

Depending

40(38,5)

(78,5)

30(28,8)

(33,3)

34(32,7)

(16,8)

104(100)

Independent

9(11,7)

(17,6)

55(7145)

(61,1)

13(16,9)

(6,4)

77(100)

Interplanetary

2(1,2)

(3,9)

5(3,1)

(5,6)

155(95,7)

(76,7)

162(100)

Total

51(100)

90(100)

202 (100)

343

Lambda - 0.4

The it is clear of Table 13 that the majority of the elderly persons that were interplanetary (95,7) were high on their level of cognitive well-being in comparison of those that were dependent (38.5). Those that were independent (71,4) has average levels of well-being if we analyze it the table of the side of column it was envisioned that those that were low on their level of cognitive well-being depended on their children (78,5) and more than the half of those that were high on their level of cognitive well-being was interplanetary on their married children. Lambda was applied to verify the association between cognitive well-being and the level of general interdependence of elderly parents with their married children. The premeditated value of lambda took out to be 0.4 that showed a high association itself. Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive well-being directly had been related with the general interdependence of levels of the elderly persons.

The table 14 - Emotional well being and the general level of interdependence among the elderly persons.

Emotional

Usually

Interdependence

Low level

Average

High

Total

Depending

99(9,2)

(81,8)

4(3,8)

(4,7)

1(1,0)

(1,0)

104(100.0))

Independent

13(16,9)

(10,7)

57(74)

(67,1)

67(9,1)

(5,1)

77(100,0)

Interplanetary

9(5,6)

(7,4)

24(14,8)

(28,2)

129(79,6)

(94,2)

162(100,0)

Total

121(100.O)

85(100,0)

137(100,0)

343(100,0)

Lambda-0.6

Postpone 14 indicated that a majority of the elderly persons (94.2%) that were high on their emotional well-being were interplanetary. The three quarters of the elderly persons that were low on their emotional well-being were dependent. While to analyze the table of the side of row, it was seen that a majority of elderly persons that were dependent was low on their level of emotional well-being. On the other side more than half of the elderly persons with the high emotional well-being was interplanetary. The test of Lambda was applied to verify the association between them. The value of lambda took out to be 0.6 that showed the high association among them. Thus, it can be concluded that emotional is well directly is related with the usually interplanetary level.

The table 15 - General well-being and level of general interdependence among the elderly persons.

General well-being

Usually

Interdependence

Low level

Average

High

Total

Depending

70(67,3)

(81,0)

29(27,9)

(4,7)

5(4,8)

(3,5)

104(100)

Independent

7(9,1)

(8,0)

70(90,9)

(61,4)

0(0)

(0)

77(100)

Interplanetary

9(5,6)

(10,5)

15(9,3)

(13,2)

138(85,2)

(96,5)

162

Total

86(100)

114(100)

143(100)

343

Lambda-0.6

Postpone 15 envisioned that a majority of l'elderly(96.5) with the high general well-being was interplanetary one and three quarters of the of elderly persons with the levels of low well-being were dependent on their married children. More than the half (61,4) with average well-being were independent. On the other hand if we analyze the table of the side of row it reveals that a majority of the elderly persons that were independent was has average levels of well-being. More of three quarters of the elderly persons (85,2) that were interplanetary were high on their levels of well-being and more than the half of the elderly persons (67,3) that were dependent were low on their well-being levels. The test of lambda was applied, and the value of took out it to be 0.4 that showed a high association between well being usually and the levels of general interdependence. Thus, it can be summarized that general well-being has the impact on the level of interdependence of the elderly persons.

The result discussion:

The exchange basis between the elderly parents and their changes of married children through the cycle of life, depend on every circumstances of the side. Also moved away as the present context is concerned, these models of home of exchange on the reciprocity principle that works among them and his effect on their well-being levels. Reciprocity works in a direct manner, where the donors are also the receivers in the same relation. The majority of the elderly persons and their married children was interplanetary on the assistance more financial, more personal and more consultative that means that the two gave just like the assistance of reception of every other. A small number of elderly persons was independent and they helped only the children and obtaining nothing in the return. Of even a small number of elderly persons was totally dependent on the children and they were only the profitable ones of assistance but not giving imports what in the return. The majority of the elderly persons that gave the financial assistance to the children received the personal assistance of them and the elderly persons that received the financial assistance gave the personal assistance to the children if their health allowed. The consultative assistance to every other was based on that was the more intelligent state of mind and had better to offer the assistance. The elderly persons that were financially well of were nevertheless found to appreciate the better well-being. At last it was found that the elderly persons that had reciprocal relation with their married children appreciated high levels of well-being that those that were independent or dependent.